STANDING STONES
Asterisks * indicate that should likely be reduced to 3000-2500 BC.
DATE ----------- HT ------- DIA. ---- NAME ----------- COUNTRY ---- # STONES
*9600–8200 BC --- 18 ft ---- 98 ft --- Göbekli Tepe ------- Turkey ----- 200+ T-pillars
*9500–9000 BC --- 16 ft ---- 75 ft --- Karahan Tepe ------- Turkey ----- Many T-pillars
*7000–6000 BC --- 6.5 ft --- 26 ft --- Harrat Uwayrid ----- Saudi Arabia -- 345
*6000–3000 BC --- 11.5 ft -- 230 ft -- Almendres Cromlech -- Portugal --- 95
*6000–4000 BC --- 10 ft ---- 13 ft --- Nabta Playa ----------- Egypt ------ 30+
*5000 BC ---------- 6 ft ---- 85 ft ---- Dolmen Guadalperal -- Spain ------ 150
*5000 BC ---------- 25 ft ---- N/A ---- Meada Menhir -------- Portugal --- 1
*5000–4000 BC --- 13 ft --- 328 ft --- Rajajil Columns ------ Saudi Arabia -- 100s
*5000–2000 BC --- 13 ft --- 164 ft --- Indonesian Menhirs -- Indonesia -- Many
*5000–2000 BC --- 13 ft --- 98 ft ----- Iranian Menhirs ----- Azarbaijan -- Several
*4500–3300 BC --- 13 ft --- 3,822 ft -- Carnac Stones ------- France ----- 3000
*4000-2500 BC --- 21 ft ---- N/A ----- Punchestown -------- Ireland ---- 1
*3500–1500 BC --- 18 ft --- 59 ft ---- Machrie Moor -------- Scotland --- 30
*3500 BC --------- 10 ft --- 164 ft --- Botiala Taalos --------- Somalia ---- 200
*3500 BC --------- 10 ft --- 98 ft ----- Loyada Stelae --------- Djibouti --- Many
*3100 BC --------- 20 ft --- 105 ft ---- Stenness Stones ------ Scotland --- 4 (12)
*3000–1600 BC --- 24 ft --- 108 ft ---- Stonehenge ---------- England ---- 93
*3000 BC --------- 16 ft ---- 522 ft ---- Rujm el-Hiri --------- Israel/Syria -- 100s
*2900–2600 BC --- 15.7 ft -- 43 ft ---- Callanish Stones ----- Scotland --- 40+
*2850–2200 BC --- 13.8 ft - 1,086 ft -- Avebury -------------- England ---- 100
*2700–2000 BC --- 22.6 ft --- 361 ft -- Devil's Arrows ------ England ---- 3 (4)
*2500–2000 BC --- 13 ft ---- 341 ft --- Ring of Brodgar ----- Scotland --- 27 (60)
2000 BC ---------- 18 ft ---- 66 ft ----- Lundin Links -------- Scotland --- 3
2000–1550 BC --- 6.5 ft ---- 33 ft ---- Tell Gezer Massebot -- Israel ---- 10
1400 BC ---------- 11 ft --- 220 ft ---- Ales Stenar ------------ Sweden ----- 59
1000 BC–0 BC --- 20 ft --- 328 ft ---- Menhirs of India ------ India ------ 100s
1000–300 BC ---- 16 ft ---- 66 ft ----- Taulas of Menorca ---- Spain ------ 30
1000–0 BC ------- 33 ft ---- 98 ft ----- Qohaito ---------------- Eritrea ---- Several
400–300 BC ------ 16 ft --- 180 ft ---- Mzoura Cromlech ----- Morocco ---- 167
300BC–1600CE -- 8.2 ft --- 20 ft ---- Senegambian ---------- Gambia/Senegal -- 29,000+
300BC–400CE --- 90 ft --- 656 ft ---- Axum Stelae ----------- Ethiopia ---- 100+
1100 CE ---------- 16 ft --- 131 ft ---- Tiya --------------------- Ethiopia ----- 36
Structure_Type --- Dates --- Ht(ft) --- Dia(ft) --- Country:Number_of_Sites
Towers --- 80–10BC --- 10–28 --- 10–30 --- IS:1,PL:1,MA:1,IT:1,SP:1,UK:1,AR:1,GA:1,IR:1,IN:1
Dolmens --- 40–25BC --- 3–16 --- 6–23 --- FR:3000,SP:500,PG:500,UK:1000,IL:200,GE:300,NE:100, ---------------------------------------------- DK:100,SW:500,NO:100,PK:50,RU:200,IS:50,JO:30,KO:100, ---------------------------------------------- IN:100,ET:50,AR:50,TU:30,CH:20,JA:20,ID:20
Temples --- 40–20BC --- 10–23 --- 30–100+ --- MA:20,TU:2,IT:1,UK:2,AR:1,IN:1,ID:1
Mounds --- 40–10BC --- 6–130 --- 30–525 -- UK:1000,IL:500,FR:500,SP:200,PG:100,GE:300,PO:100, ---------------------------------------------- RU:100,UE:100,US:100,CH:200,KO:50,JA:50,TU:50,IR:20, ------------------------------------------------ IN:50,PK:20,SU:20,EG:80,ET:50,PE:50,CL:20,BO:20,MX:20, ----------------------------------------------- GU:20,HO:20,CM:20,TH:20,ID:20
Barrows --- 40–10BC --- 3–10 --- 20–330 -- UK:1000,IL:500,FR:500,GE:300,DK:200,SW:500,PO:100, ---------------------------------------------- RU:100,UE:100,BU:30,HU:30,CZ:30,TU:30,CH:30,MG:30, ------------------------------------------------- JA:30, KO:30,IN:30,PK:20,IR:20,KA:20,AR:20,GA:20,AZ:20, ---------------------------------------------- ET:20,SU:20
Cairns ----- 40–10BC --- 3–24 --- 10–115 --- UK:1000,IL:500,FR:500,SP:200,PG:100,NO:100,SW:500, ----------------------------------------------- DK:100,FI:30,IC:30,RU:50,AR:30,GA:30,IR:20,IN:30,ET:30, ---------------------------------------------- MO:20,SA:20,AU:20,NZ:20,US:20,CA:20,PE:20,CL:20,BO:20
Mastabas --- 30–20BC --- 10–33 --- 30–100 --- EG:200
Fortresses --- 30–10BC --- 20–30 --- 1–900 --- TU:2,GR:2,IS:1,SY:2,IQ:2,IR:2,AR:1,GA:1,SP:2,UK:2, ------------------------------------------------------ FR:1, GE:1,RU:1,IN:1
Platforms --- 30–10BC --- 5–10 --- 30–200 --- MA:2,PY:10,PE:1,TU:1,UK:1,AR:1
Pyramids --- 27–10BC --- 30–481 --- 50–755 --- EG:100,SU:20,MX:10,PE:10,CH:10,ID:5,GR:5,SP:5, -------------------------------------------------------- IT:5,IQ:5
Tombs ------ 25–10BC --- 10–43 --- 20–49 ----- EG:10,GR:9,TU:5,IR:5,CH:5,IQ:5,SY:5,IS:5,SU:5,AR:5, ------------------------------------------------------ GA:5,ET:5,KO:5
Statues ----- 25–10BC --- 10–66 --- 5–240 ------- EG:10,SU:2,TU:1,AR:1,ID:1,UK:1
Ziggurats --- 21–10BC --- 60–100 --- 150–200 --- IQ:10,IR:5,SY:2
Palaces ----- 20–10BC --- 20–50 --- 1–500 ------- EG:2,GR:3,TU:2,SY:2,IQ:2,IR:2,IS:1,CH:2
Rock-cuts --- 20–10BC --- 10–20 --- 10–30 ------ EG:2,TU:1,JO:1,IN:1,ET:1,AR:1,IR:1,IS:1
StoneShips --- 20–10BC --- 6–15 --- 30–220 ----- SW:10,DK:2,NO:2,ES:1,LA:1,LI:1
Mazes --------- 20–10BC ------— ------- — ------- GR:1,EG:1,UK:1,MA:1,IN:1
CyclopeanWalls --- 15–10BC -- 20–40 -- 1–900 -- GR:2,IT:2,TU:1,AR:1,PE:1,SP:1,IR:1 ----------------- … (Dates are in Centuries) (AR = Armenia, AU = Australia, AZ = Azerbaijan, BO = Bolivia, BU = Bulgaria, CM = Cambodia, CA = Canada, CL = Chile, CH = China, CZ = Czech Republic, DK = Denmark, EG = Egypt, ES = Estonia, ET = Ethiopia, FI = Finland, FR = France, GA = Georgia, GE = Germany, GR = Greece (including Crete), GU = Guatemala, HO = Honduras, HU = Hungary, IC = Iceland, IN = India, ID = Indonesia, IR = Iran, IQ = Iraq, IL = Ireland, IS = Israel, IT = Italy (including Sardinia), JA = Japan, JO = Jordan, KA = Kazakhstan, KO = Korea (North and South), LA = Latvia, LI = Lithuania, MA = Malta, MX = Mexico, MG = Mongolia, MO = Morocco, NE = Netherlands, NZ = New Zealand, NO = Norway, PK = Pakistan, PL = Palestine, PE = Peru, PO = Poland, PY = Polynesia (French), PG = Portugal, RU = Russia, SA = South Africa, SP = Spain, SU = Sudan, SW = Sweden, SZ = Switzerland, SY = Syria, TH = Thailand, TU = Turkey, UK = UK, UE = Ukraine, US = USA)
OLDEST MASSIVE PYRAMIDS
Timeline of the Oldest Massive Pyramids
c. 2627 BCE: Caral Pyramids (Peru) https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/d ... k=fBXOardL
The pyramids at Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru are among the oldest known pyramidal structures outside Egypt. These monumental platform mounds were built by the Norte Chico civilization and predate most Egyptian pyramids.
c. 2667–2648 BCE: Pyramid of Djoser (Saqqara, Egypt)
The Step Pyramid of Djoser, designed by Imhotep, is considered the first monumental stone pyramid in Egypt and one of the earliest large-scale cut stone constructions in the world.
c. 2600 BCE: Pyramid of Meidum, Bent Pyramid, and Red Pyramid (Egypt)
The Pyramid of Meidum, the Bent Pyramid, and the Red Pyramid (all attributed to Pharaoh Snefru) mark the evolution from step-sided to smooth-sided pyramids in Egypt.
c. 2580–2560 BCE: Great Pyramid of Khufu (Giza, Egypt)
The Great Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu, is the largest and most famous pyramid in Egypt, representing the pinnacle of early pyramid construction.
c. 2520 BCE: Pyramid of Khafre (Giza, Egypt)
The second-largest pyramid at Giza, built for Khufu's son Khafre.
c. 2490 BCE: Pyramid of Menkaure (Giza, Egypt)
The third and smallest of the main Giza pyramids, built for Menkaure.
FIRST PYRAMIDS HAD NO COFFINS
I just watched this interesting video:
It suggests that Snefru's pyramids, i.e. the Bent pyramid, the Meidum pyramid and the Red pyramid, never contained sarcophagi because they were never meant for burial. All 3 upper chambers were renovated by Snefru, I guess, and no evidence of sarcophagi have been found in any of them. There was no room in the passages to remove a sarcophagus. The upper chambers were being renovated, but not finished. A reason for renovating isn't suggested, but I suppose it may have been to better accommodate worshipers. So those pyramids may have been primarily temples. One or more of them is said to have had many worshipers coming inside for a thousand years. The idea of using pyramids for burial is said to have started with the Giza pyramids and they made improvements on construction, including air shafts for removing humidity from worshipers. So it is suggested that Snefru's sarcophagus was likely placed elsewhere.
I asked Ev Cochrane: Do you have an opinion on the probable purposes of the pyramids? It looks like Snefru's pyramids were built as temples in memory of the primeval hill and the later pyramids simply added the idea of including pharaoh's sarcophagi in them, the pharaoh being a sort of Son of God on Earth. Any comments?
ANCIENT TUNNELS
Jonathan Gray’s Claimed Ancient Tunnel Locations. These claims are presented in Gray’s books such as Dead Men’s Secrets and 64 Secrets Still Ahead of Us, as well as in interviews and articles.
Region/Country --- Specific Sites/Details
Ecuador, Colombia --- Cueva de los Tayos, mountain tunnels, cut-stone walls
Bolivia --- Tiahuanaco, underground galleries
Peru --- Andes, Machu Picchu area, multi-mile tunnels
Martinique --- Tunnels reported to Columbus in 1493
North Africa (Rua) --- 30-mile subterranean excavations (Livingstone)
Morocco-Spain --- Undersea tunnel claims
Spain (Balearic Islands), Malta, Czechoslovakia, Sweden --- Various ancient tunnel indications
Afghanistan (Wama district) --- Legends of native-used tunnels
OTHER ANCIENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Table of ancient accomplishments from Jonathan Gray’s Dead Men’s Secrets and 64 Secrets Still Ahead of Us
Approx. Date; Fact or Claim; Town & Country / Region; Accomplishment/Artifact
c. 5000BC- --- Global --- Ancient medical knowledge, brain surgery
c. 3600–2500BC --- Malta --- Megalithic temples, astronomical alignments
c. 3500–2500BC --- Sumer, Iraq --- Sudden mature cities, irrigation canals
c. 3000BC- --- Global --- Advanced metallurgy, tempered steel, alloys
c. 3000BC- --- Global --- Town planning, social organization
c. 3000BC- --- Global --- Cosmetics, perfumes, advanced textiles
c. 3000BC- --- Global --- Knowledge of cosmology and astronomy
c. 3000–2000BC --- Stonehenge, England --- Megaliths, astronomical alignments
c. 2600–2500BC --- Egypt (Giza, etc.) --- Pyramids, high precision, massive stonework
c. 2500BC- --- Global --- Glasswork, lenses, optical devices
c. 2500–500BC --- India --- Advanced mathematics (zero, pi), urban sanitation
c. 2100–1000BC --- China --- Large-scale canals, mapping of the world
c. 1500BC–500 CE --- Mediterranean --- Metal clamps in megalithic construction
c. 700BC–500 CE --- Mediterranean --- Cement, advanced concrete technology
c. 600BC --- Babylon, Iraq --- Advanced water management, Hanging Gardens
c. 500BC- --- Egypt --- Underground labyrinth
c. 200BC–600 CE --- Nazca, Peru --- Nazca Lines/geoglyphs
c. 100BC --- Greece --- Antikythera computer, automatic doors, robots
c. 100BC–300 CE --- Baalbek, Lebanon --- Multi-hundred-ton stones
N/A --- Claim --- Egypt --- Electricity (“ruins that glow in the night”)
N/A --- Claim --- ?, Russia --- Largest blocks of stone ever discovered
N/A --- Claim --- Global --- Accurate maps of the world (pre-Columbian)
N/A --- Claim --- Global --- Aircraft
N/A --- Claim --- Global --- Sound transmission, sound for construction
N/A --- Claim --- Global --- Cosmic disaster, lost super-civilization
N/A --- Claim --- Cuzco, Peru --- Vitrified stonework